Arte IA: The Xin and the Yang Panel 1: "The Encounter of Xin and Yang" In a cell kingdom, autosomes were like an army of nearly identical twins. But in the center of the kingdom, two very different brothers stood out: Xin, robust and full of genetic secrets, and Yang, small but with a decisive role. Text in voice-over: "While the autosomes paired in perfect symmetry, Xin and Yang were differentiated by their origin and function. Panel 2: "The Fundamental Difference" In a genetic library, Xin explains to a curious group of autosomes: "Unlike us, who are identical pairs, sex chromosomes evolved from primitive autosomes, but they followed different paths. Text in voice-over: "Autosomes look like each other, but Xin and Yang, in commissioning sex determination, have a history and structure of their own. Panel 3: "Contrasting Characters" In a genetics workshop, Xin displays her repertoire with thousands of genes, while Yang shows her few genetic parchments, including the famous SRY. "I harbor between 2000 and 3000 genes essential for many functions, while Yang, though modest in number, holds the mighty SRY, the one that ignites the spark of masculinity. Text in voice-over: —The great disparity in the number and type of genes explains why Xin and Yang do not resemble autosomes or each other. Panel 4: "The Secret Power of Yang" Yang, with a determined air, holds a torch that illuminates a path. "I, despite my size, orchestrate the development of the testicles and, consequently, male fertility. Text in voice-over: —The "power of Yang" lies in its ability to initiate the formation of the male reproductive system, being vital for the survival of males. Panel 5: "The Dance of Recombination" During the great meiosis party, Xin and Yang get closer at their ends. "Although in the past we were identical, today only our edges embrace to exchange small fragments of DNA. Text in voice-over: —Recombination is the process by which parts of DNA are exchanged, and in the case of Xin and Yang, only the pseudoautosomal regions maintain this exchange. Panel 6: "Yang's Uncertain Fate" In an evolutionary sunset, Yang is observed slowly shrinking, while scientists from the cell kingdom study his history in ancient scrolls. "Due to the lack of recombination in most of my structure, I have accumulated mutations, which some predict could lead me to disappear in the future... Text in voice-over: —The absence of recombination has caused the progressive degradation of Yang, theoretically considering its possible disappearance over millions of years. Panel 7: "The Mystery in the Cat House" In a neighborhood full of kittens, a mother is seen explaining to her young: "The gene that determines the color orange is found in Xin. As kittens have two Xin, a mosaic is produced by the random inactivation of one, allowing them to exhibit three colors. Male kittens, with only one Xin, can only display two tones. Text in voice-over: —The random inactivation of Xin in females creates the tricolor effect, a phenomenon that is not observed in males. Panel 8: "The Challenge of Sterility and Innovation" In a modern laboratory in the cell kingdom, a scientist examines a young male whose Yang has deletions in critical areas (AZF). —Losses in Yang cause cases of sterility, but by understanding these mechanisms, we could design contraceptive drugs that block sperm production. Text in voice-over: —The relationship between deletions in Yang and infertility opens the door to innovative treatments, either to restore fertility or to develop new contraceptive methods.
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The Xin and the Yang Panel 1: "The Encounter of Xin and Yang" In a cell kingdom, autosomes were like an army of nearly identical twins. But in the center of the kingdom, two very different brothers stood out: Xin, robust and full of genetic secrets, and Yang, small but with a decisive role. Text in voice-over: "While the autosomes paired in perfect symmetry, Xin and Yang were differentiated by their origin and function. Panel 2: "The Fundamental Difference" In a genetic library, Xin explains to a curious group of autosomes: "Unlike us, who are identical pairs, sex chromosomes evolved from primitive autosomes, but they followed different paths. Text in voice-over: "Autosomes look like each other, but Xin and Yang, in commissioning sex determination, have a history and structure of their own. Panel 3: "Contrasting Characters" In a genetics workshop, Xin displays her repertoire with thousands of genes, while Yang shows her few genetic parchments, including the famous SRY. "I harbor between 2000 and 3000 genes essential for many functions, while Yang, though modest in number, holds the mighty SRY, the one that ignites the spark of masculinity. Text in voice-over: —The great disparity in the number and type of genes explains why Xin and Yang do not resemble autosomes or each other. Panel 4: "The Secret Power of Yang" Yang, with a determined air, holds a torch that illuminates a path. "I, despite my size, orchestrate the development of the testicles and, consequently, male fertility. Text in voice-over: —The "power of Yang" lies in its ability to initiate the formation of the male reproductive system, being vital for the survival of males. Panel 5: "The Dance of Recombination" During the great meiosis party, Xin and Yang get closer at their ends. "Although in the past we were identical, today only our edges embrace to exchange small fragments of DNA. Text in voice-over: —Recombination is the process by which parts of DNA are exchanged, and in the case of Xin and Yang, only the pseudoautosomal regions maintain this exchange. Panel 6: "Yang's Uncertain Fate" In an evolutionary sunset, Yang is observed slowly shrinking, while scientists from the cell kingdom study his history in ancient scrolls. "Due to the lack of recombination in most of my structure, I have accumulated mutations, which some predict could lead me to disappear in the future... Text in voice-over: —The absence of recombination has caused the progressive degradation of Yang, theoretically considering its possible disappearance over millions of years. Panel 7: "The Mystery in the Cat House" In a neighborhood full of kittens, a mother is seen explaining to her young: "The gene that determines the color orange is found in Xin. As kittens have two Xin, a mosaic is produced by the random inactivation of one, allowing them to exhibit three colors. Male kittens, with only one Xin, can only display two tones. Text in voice-over: —The random inactivation of Xin in females creates the tricolor effect, a phenomenon that is not observed in males. Panel 8: "The Challenge of Sterility and Innovation" In a modern laboratory in the cell kingdom, a scientist examines a young male whose Yang has deletions in critical areas (AZF). —Losses in Yang cause cases of sterility, but by understanding these mechanisms, we could design contraceptive drugs that block sperm production. Text in voice-over: —The relationship between deletions in Yang and infertility opens the door to innovative treatments, either to restore fertility or to develop new contraceptive methods.
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